Icing conditions 

With it being that time of year I thought icing conditions would be appropriate for my environmental factor. Icing, in general, is any deposit or coating of ice on an aircraft, caused by the impingement and freezing of liquid. The effects of icing is catastrophic, icing changes the angle of attack of airfoil surfaces through the changes of lift and drag that is placed on the airfoil. It is all dependent on the location of the icing. Hoar frost can cause an abrupt lift followed by an abrupt decrease in lift. Kind of in-nerving if you ask me. Pilots who fly consistently understand the value of de-ice equipment," Many pilots have asked me why traded my Bonanza for a Baron. The extra speed, payload, baggage space and range are all valuable assets of the Baron. A weather radar is also important, as are redundant alternators and vacuum pumps. But at this time of the year I remember the clincher-ice protect" McClellan, J (1994). The mitigation strategy manufacturers have been implementing for years, Engine inlet deice systems utilizing oil or warmed air, electrically heated pitot tubes, heated rotor blades, wings with pneumatic de-ice boots or heated wings. The one place I have noticed over the years that seems to be missed is training on complacency and when do you  activate your de-ice systems. As a rule of thumb,I have noticed most manufacturers in the rotor wing community follow 5 deg. C and visible moisture. I really think the key is training with young pilots as well as old on complacency and noticing when icing is possible. Recently I have noticed young pilots asking myself questions such as at what temperature do I turn on the de-ice valve. I thought to myself where is the training and desire to know your aircraft.